Fan Zhongyan Fan Zhongyan (989-1052) was from Wu County (吳縣, present-day Suzhou City [蘇州] in Jiangsu Province [江蘇省]). Known by his courtesy name Xiwen (希文) and ratified as the Duke of Wenzheng (文正) posthumously, Fan was a politician, writer, military strategist, and educator in the Northern Song dynasty (北宋). Fan Zhongyan Song Dynasty Qingli New Deal Fan’s Story of Splitting Porridge
The Diverse Culture of Yuan The Yuan dynasty refers to the period when China was ruled by the Mongol Empire. As nomadic tribes, the Mongol rulers were free-spirited and embracing, contributing to the free development of diverse cultures. During its expansion, the empire embraced cultures of various ethnic groups, making the Yuan dynasty a state with splendid culture. Yuan Dynasty Diverse Culture The Art of Chinese Painting Chinese literature Religion
The Development of Confucianism in the Yuan Dynasty The Yuan dynasty was founded by the nomadic Mongols who adopted many Han (漢) customs after taking the Central Plains. Chinese culture was long dominated by Confucianism. Many Khans, from Genghis Khan to Emperor Renzong (仁宗) of Yuan, learned about Han culture through translation. Confucianism Yuan Dynasty Chinggis Khaan Kublai Khan Ögedei Khan 耶律楚材
古今如何評價范仲淹？ 對歷史人物的評價或看法涉及到時代思潮、政治風向、社會習氣的問題，也和個人的學識、觀念、信仰、立場等個別因素有關。 Fan Zhongyan Song Dynasty 朱熹 元好問 韓琦
宋學中的范仲淹 所谓宋學，是指儒學發展至宋代，其治學的特色和形成的思潮、學風與前代有所區別，開創了新的局面及成就，從而成為一門新的學問。 Fan Zhongyan Song Dynasty Confucianism
范氏義莊如何成就儒學實踐？ 儒學是闡釋、研究儒家思想的學術，表現的形式多着重於論述著作方面，往往卻忽略了德行的實踐。為了實踐儒學的德行，范仲淹創辦「范氏義莊」，承載了他救濟底層貧苦人民、齊家治國的社會理想。 Fan Zhongyan 范氏義莊 Confucianism
良相范仲淹有何新政舉措？ 慶曆三年（1043年），西夏李元昊請求議和，西北邊事稍寧，仁宗召范仲淹回京，授以掌管全國軍政副首長的樞密副使一職。之後，范仲淹又任參知政事（副宰相），得以推行慶曆新政。 Fan Zhongyan Qingli New Deal Song Dynasty 《岳陽樓記》
儒將范仲淹如何抵禦西夏？ 作為文臣的范仲淹，胸中不但有經國文章，同時也有着軍事謀略。他最主要的軍事成就，就是在西北重整邊防，抵禦對宋朝虎視眈眈的西夏。 Fan Zhongyan Song Dynasty Western Xia Dynasty 遼朝
范仲淹為何重視改革科舉？ 范仲淹在任職應天府學時曾上書給朝廷宰執，指出要使國家有可用之材，必須辦學校來培養，而選取所培養的士人，在於謹慎選舉。對於科舉考試，范仲淹力圖改革長期以來存在的弊病，求得人才，振興學風士氣。 Fan Zhongyan Imperial Examination System Song Dynasty
范仲淹如何治水養民？ 中國以農立國，自古以來水利就與國計民生息息相關。對於政府和地方官來說，平常興修水利是勸農桑的必要條件，一旦發生水患，治水則直接涉及民生疾苦，攸關生命。在范仲淹的為官生涯中，水利一直是他關注的重點，並且作為其新政綱領之一。 Fan Zhongyan Water Conservancy in Ancient China Song Dynasty Wang Anshi Reforms
范仲淹的興學養士之舉 或許是青年時期刻苦求學的經歷，使得范仲淹為官後，一直非常重視興學育人。在他努力下，宋代學風為之一變，不少人才湧現。 Fan Zhongyan Song Dynasty Schools in Ancient China Education
范仲淹的清苦求學路 范仲淹雖是名門之後，但家境貧寒，在成為一代名臣之前，曾經有過一段艱辛清苦的求學之路。經過一番磨礪，他才得以登上仕途，一展抱負。 Fan Zhongyan Song Dynasty Imperial Examination System Fan’s Story of Splitting Porridge 應天書院
