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玄奘西行有何意義？

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Xuanzang (600–664), original name Chen Yi, was an eminent Buddhist monk of the Tang dynasty (618–907). He was honored with the title of Tripitika Master (Master of the three-fold canon) because he was well-versed in Buddhist writings, including doctrine, discipline, and metaphysics.

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1801phn004_01 — China’s Cultural Exchange with Korea and Japan in Pre-modern Times

According to the earliest written records, cultural exchanges between pre-modern China and Korea have a long history, dating back more than three thousand years. They have not only gone on longer than Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges but they have also served as a bridge for Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges.

China

Japan

Korea

Cultural Exchange

0114ph031 — Marco Polo and China in the Yuan Dynasty

Marco Polo (1254–1324) was a famous explorer from Venice, Italy. In 1271, he embarked on a journey to the East with his father and uncle. They arrived in Yuan Shangdu (Upper Capital of the Yuan) in 1275 and traveled on to Dadu (Great Capital of the Yuan, present-day Beijing).

Marco Polo and China in the yuan Dynasty

1802ph030 — Sino-Indian Cultural Exchange in Ancient Times

Textual and archaeological evidence demonstrates that exchanges between China and India date back at least 2,000 years. The Mahabharata, an Indian epic, mentions a number of things, including horses and soldiers which come from Cinas.

Sino-Indian Cultural Exchange in Ancient Times

30062ph036 — Sino-German Cultural Exchange

China is situated in eastern Asian, and Germany in central Europe. Their geographical locations are far apart. Direct contact between China and Germany began rather late. It was not until the early seventeenth century that German missionaries began coming to the country in any number.

Sino-German Cultural Exchange

30063ph025 — Sino-Portugal Cultural Exchange

Portugal first leased land in Macao around the middle of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644); shortly afterwards, Western merchants began arriving to trade.

Sino-Portugal Cultural Exchange

30018ph039 — Cultural Exchange Between China and Latin America

In the sixteenth century, with the discovery of America and the opening of the new sea route to the East, the long-time maritime barrier between China and Latin America was broken, and cultural exchange between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres began.

Cultural Exchange Between China and Latin America

30082ph028 — Starting Point of Maritime Silk Road

Quanzhou (a.k.a. Chinchew and Zayton) was one of the earliest cities in China to open up to the outside world. The city developed into the “First Port in the East” during the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1271–1368) periods.

Starting Point of Maritime Silk Road

30036ph026 — Cultural Exchange between China and Arabia

China and Arabia each have a long history; friendly relations between the people of these two lands can be traced back at least two thousand years. China and the nations of what is referred to as “the Arab world” (regions where Arab culture is dominant) are generally classified as third world developing countries.

Cultural Exchange between China and Arabia

30070phn001_01 — Xuanzang’s Pilgrimage for Buddhist Scriptures

Xuanzang (600–664), original name Chen Yi, was an eminent Buddhist monk of the Tang dynasty (618–907). He was honored with the title of Tripitika Master (Master of the three-fold canon) because he was well-versed in Buddhist writings, including doctrine, discipline, and metaphysics.

Xuanzang’s Pilgrimage for Buddhist Scriptures

30064ph037 — Sino-British Cultural Exchange

Sino-British exchanges were relatively limited before the eighteenth century. It was not until the first half of the seventeenth century that China and Great Britain began trading directly with one another. In 1637, merchants from the East India Company (a.k.a. British East India Company) initiated direct Sino-British trade when their ships first arrived in Guangdong.

Sino-British Cultural Exchange

0126ph042 — Silk Road

The Silk Road is the collective name for the traffic network which took shape in the Han (206 BCE–220 CE) and Tang (618–907) dynasties and extended from ancient China’s capital to various places of the world. These routes, connecting ancient China to Europe, also reached East Africa’s coastal countries, Western, Central, and South Asia, as well as Korea and Japan in East Asia.

Silk Road

30038ph041 — Sino-African Cultural Exchange

Because of the great distance between East Asia and Africa, contact between China and African lands was limited in early times. It seems to date only to the centuries just prior to and after the onset of the Common Era (1 CE) and was indirect, experienced primarily through maritime or overland trade conducted primarily by Central Asians and Arabs.

Sino-African Cultural Exchange

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