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Ethnic Diversity

至今仍未能破解的巴蜀圖語

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In discussing what is now sometimes called the Ba-Shu culture it is important to remember that originally the Ba and Shu were peoples of differing customs, ethnicity, and history. During the Warring States period (475–221 BCE) they came to inhabit neighboring areas in the Sichuan Basin.

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202115phn001_01 — Diverse Intangible Cultural Heritage of Hong Kong’s Ethnic Groups

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) adopted the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2003, bringing the international attention to the protection of this type of intangible cultural heritage. Hong Kong released the first Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Hong Kong in 2017, including a variety of intangible cultural heritage items from different local ethnic groups.

Intangible Cultural Heritage

Hong Kong

Yu Lan Festival

Lion Dance

Unicorn Dance

1704ph049 — Tubo-Tibetan Culture

“Tubo” is a Chinese transliteration of “Boba” (Tibetan Bod-pa)—the name Tibetans called themselves during the Tang dynasty (618–907). The Tibetans live on the “roof of the world,” the world’s highest and largest plateau with snow-coverd mountains; this unique environment has helped form their distinctive Tubo culture.

Tubo-Tibetan Culture

30068phn001_01 — Min-Yue Culture

In remote antiquity, a group of snake-worshipping people lived in what is now modern Fujian province. Pre-Qin texts refer to them as the “Min.” This group of people thrived during the Shang (ca. 1600–ca. 1100 BCE) and Zhou (ca. 1100–256 BCE) dynasties but seem to have died out by the late Warring States period (475–221 BCE).

Min-Yue Culture

30047ph054 — Hakka Culture

During the Chinese Middle Ages, a unique ethnic group emerged—the Hakka. Unlike other ethnic groups in China, they are not named after a geographical region; however, Hakka culture covers over half of China, especially in the south.

Hakka Culture

30037ph050 — Ba-Shu Culture

In discussing what is now sometimes called the Ba-Shu culture it is important to remember that originally the Ba and Shu were peoples of differing customs, ethnicity, and history.

Ba-Shu Culture

1706ph029 — Uighur Culture

The Xinjiang Uyghurs in modern China are descendants of the Uighur (or Uygur) ethnic group. The Uighurs were a nomadic tribal people whose economy relied predominantly on animal husbandry.

Uighur Culture

1705ph055 — Nanzhao Culture

The Kingdom of Nanzhao (649–902) was founded during the Tang dynasty by the Wuman and the Baiman people as well as other ethnic groups. The regime had thirteen kings and lasted more than two-hundred years.

Nanzhao Culture

1703ph065 — Ethnic Groups in Contemporary China

The major ethnic groups in contemporary China include the following:Manchu, Hezhe, Ewenke (Evenki), Oroqen, Daur, Korean, Mongol, Xibo, Uzbek, Uighur, Tu, Tatar, Tajik, Salar, Kyrgyz, Hui, Kazahk, Russian, Dongxiang, Bonan, Yugur, Gelao, Achang, Bai, Blang, Bouyei, Tibetan, Dai, De’ang, Si, Derung, Hani, Jinuo, Jingpo, Lahu, Lisu, Lhoba, Monba, Hmong, Nakhi, Nu, Pumi, Qiang, Shui, Wa, Yi, Yao, Tujia, She, Mulao, Maonan, Li, Gin, Gaoshan, Zhuang.

Ethnic Groups in Contemporary China

1702ph049 — Ethnic Groups in Chinese History

China is a multi-ethnic nation. For thousands of years, the political rise and activities of the different ethnic groups have facilitated ethnic integration and cultural exchange. Together with the Han, they have composed the history of Chinese civilization.

Ethnic Groups in Chinese History

1701phn001_01 — Formation of the Chinese Nation

China is a unified multi-ethnic nation, a nation of all the ethnic groups, past and present, found within the territory of China. The Chinese nation has a history going back thousands of years, and during that time the ethnic groups in the Central Plain and along the borders existed side-by-side, generation after generation: they lived together, merged, separated, re-grouped, separated again, and re-grouped again.

The Chinese nation